5/28/2023 0 Comments Red frost line river first runIn the United States (as a result of continued relaxation of station ownership regulations since the 1970s), syndicated programs are usually licensed to stations on a group level, with multiple stations owned and/or operated by the same broadcasting group carrying the program in different markets (except in areas where another station holds the market rights to the program) – making it increasingly more efficient for syndicators to gain widespread national clearances for their programs. The trade of program for airtime is called " barter." A syndicated program is licensed to stations for "cash" (the stations purchase the rights to local insertion some or all of the advertisements at their level) given to stations for access to airtime (wherein the syndicators get the advertising revenue) or the combination of both. Some production companies create their shows and license them to networks at a loss, at least at first, hoping that the series will succeed and that eventual off-network syndication will turn a profit for the show. Once a network picks up a show, it is usually guaranteed to run on most or all the network's affiliates on the same day of the week and at the same time (in a given time zone, in countries where this is a concern). Syndication differs from licensing the show to a television network. If successful, this can be lucrative, but the syndicator may only be able to license the show in a small percentage of the markets. When syndicating a show, the production company, or a distribution company called a syndicator, attempts to license the show to one station in each media market or area, or to a commonly owned station group, within the country and internationally. For example, National Public Radio ( NPR) stations commonly air the Public Radio Exchange's This American Life, which may contain stories produced by NPR journalists. This form of syndication more closely resembles the news agency model, where nominally competing networks share resources and rebroadcast each other's programs. as a parallel service to member stations of the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) and the handful of independent public broadcasting stations. This type of syndication has arisen in the U.S. Successful shows in syndication can cover production costs and make a profit, even if the first run of the show was not profitable. A show usually enters off-network syndication when it has built up about four seasons' worth or between 80 and 100 episodes, though for some genres the number could be as low as 65. Reruns are usually found on stations affiliated with smaller networks like Fox, MyNetworkTV, or The CW, especially since these networks broadcast one less hour of prime time network programming than the Big Three television networks and far less network-provided daytime television (none at all for these networks). In off-network syndication, a program whose first airing was on network television (or, in some cases, first-run syndication) is licensed for local broadcast on individual stations. Often it is made specifically to sell directly into syndication and not made for any particular network. In first-run syndication, a program is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show. 8.1 U.S.-style syndication internationally.2.1.5 Reality and live-action children's shows.
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